Lance Armstrong has been stripped of his Tour de France titles and banned for life by the International Cycling Union. Joel Maxcy, a sport economist in Temple's School of Tourism and Hospitality Management, said, "There is plenty of evidence to bear out that the stripping of his titles is deserved." But, he cautioned, "It’s naïve to think that [performance-enhancing drugs] or other forms of cheating have been or will be eliminated from cycling or any other sport where there are significant financial returns to winning."