Between 1950 and 1980, the First Congressional District — an area of the city that's east of Broad Street, north of Northern Liberties and south of Northeast Philadelphia — lost about 300,000 manufacturing jobs, a brutal hollowing out of a once-vibrant place. "Loss of jobs had more to do with the blighting of North Philadelphia and nearby neighborhoods than anything else," said Jim Hilty, a Temple historian. Add "the discouraged," the legions of under-the-radar, non-working people in Philadelphia's underground economy, and the city's jobless rate swells to as much as 25 percent, according to David Bartelt, who teaches urban studies at Temple.