At universities across Tokyo, executives struggling to meet a government demand for 15-percent cuts in electricity use have set classroom temperatures at a muggy 28 degrees Celsius (82 degrees Fahrenheit). Many have ended classes early to avoid sweltering summer months and some have changed their dress codes. At Temple University, Japan Campus, for example, professors have been told to avoid ties and jackets, but to use "common sense" — "in keeping with the fact that you represent an institution of higher education in Japan," said Dean Bruce Stronach.